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Albert Einstein Award
The Albert Einstein Award (sometimes mistakenly called the ''Albert Einstein Medal'' because it was accompanied with a gold medal) was an award in theoretical physics that was established to recognize high achievement in the natural sciences. It was endowed by the Lewis and Rosa Strauss Memorial Fund in honor of Albert Einstein's 70th birthday. It was first awarded in 1951 and an addition to a gold medal of Einstein by sculptor Gilroy Roberts,〔''Wheeler Honored'', Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume 65, June 8, 1965.〕 it also included a prize money of $15,000,〔(Biography of J. Schwinger ) from University of St Andrews, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive (Last accessed Dec. 17, 2006).〕〔 which was later reduced to $5,000.〔〔 The winner was selected by a committee (the first of which consisted of Einstein, Oppenheimer, von Neumann and Weyl) of the Institute for Advanced Study, which administered the award.〔(''The Month at Caltech'', April 1954 issue ), p. 20 (Last accessed on September 4, 2007).〕 Lewis L. Strauss used to be one of the trustees of the institute.〔(Report of the Director for 1948-53 ), Institute for Advanced Studies, p. 30 (1954). (pdf file last accessed on September 6, 2007).〕
This award should not be confused with many others named after the famous physicist, such as the Albert Einstein World Award of Science given by the World Cultural Council (since 1984), the Albert Einstein Medal given by the Albert Einstein Society (since 1979), nor with the Hans Albert Einstein Award, named after his son and given by the American Society of Civil Engineers (since 1988).〔(Details about the Hans Albert Einstein Award ), from the ASCE website (Last accessed on September 11, 2007).〕 It was established much earlier than these, when Einstein was still alive and was a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study. It has been called "the highest of its kind in the United States" by ''The New York Times''.〔''New Scientist'' magazine, EBSCO Publishing, vol. 77, p. 272, 1978.〕 Some considered it as "the prestigious equivalent of a Nobel Prize".〔
== Recipients ==
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